[59] The reported 3.19 million barrels of spilled oil was not the only effect of this disaster. This is done through the production of proteins and other cellular elements that require a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfate. [122] The EPA expressed concern that the booms would threaten wildlife. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The spill area hosts 8,332species, including more than 1,270fish, 604 polychaetes, 218birds, 1,456mollusks, 1,503crustaceans, 4sea turtles and 29marine mammals. [249], Two years after the spill, a study initiated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health found biomarkers matching the oil from the spill in the bodies of cleanup workers. The remaining 20 percent, or $1.33 billion, went to The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, a general government fund established in 1986 to aid in oil spill removal and assessment of the damage they have caused. ", "Gulf oil spill: Has BP 'turned corner' with siphon success? The US government report issued in September 2011 stated that BP is ultimately responsible for the spill, and that Halliburton and Transocean share some of the blame. What are some ways to prevent the wash off of fertilizer or is there a way to release the fertilizer that would optimize their use while maintaining maximum growth of microbes? Tens of billions of dollars in liability and fines were at stake. [90][91] On 16 September 2010, the relief well reached its destination and pumping of cement to seal the well began. The funds will be used strictly for research activities, with results published in peer-reviewed scientific journals with no BP approval or review. [254], The spill had a strong economic impact to BP [255] and also the Gulf Coast's economy sectors such as offshore drilling, fishing and tourism. Anthony Badalementi was sentenced to one year probation,[369] Donald Vidrine paid a $50,000 fine and received 10 months probation,[370] Kurt Mix received 6 months' probation,[371] and David Rainey and Robert Kaluza were acquitted. Many died from ingesting oil or because it interfered with their ability to regulate their body temperatures. There was a microbial shift in the deepwater community as the chemistry and nature of the oil changed. [20], On 16 June 2010, after BP executives met with President Obama, BP announced and established the Gulf Coast Claims Facility (GCCF), a $20billion fund to settle claims arising from the Deepwater Horizon spill. 2179 "DEEPWATER HORIZON" IN THE GULF: OF MEXICO, ON APRIL 20, 2010", "U.S. bans BP from new government contracts after oil spill deal", "US court accepts BP's Macondo guilty plea", "BP Will Pay $4.5B in Plea Deal over Macondo", "Transocean Agrees to Plead Guilty to Environmental Crime and Enter Civil Settlement to Resolve U.S. Clean Water Act Penalty Claims from Deepwater Horizon Incident", "Halliburton Pleads Guilty to Destroying Evidence After Gulf Spill", "Judges Call BP's Arguments "Nonsensical", "The ideas that underly BP's cert petition don't make sense", "BP's Appeal Fails to Interest Supreme Court, Cert Denied", "Halliburton to pay around $1.1 bn for US oil spill claims", "BP to begin presenting its defense Monday in Gulf oil spill trial", "BP, Transocean Accused of 'Reckless' Actions in Spill", "U.S. Justice, Gulf states crafting BP spill settlement", "BP found "grossly negligent' in Gulf of Mexico oil spill", "BP set to pay largest environmental fine in US history for Gulf oil spill", "Kurt Mix, BP Engineer, Faces First Oil Spill Charges", "Feds File First Criminal Charges Related to BP Gulf Spill", "First Criminal Charges Filed in Deepwater Horizon Accident", "BP to pay $4.5bn penalty over Deepwater Horizon disaster", "BP Managers Plead Not Guilty to Deepwater Horizon Criminal Charges", "Halliburton manager gets 1 year probation in Gulf oil spill", "Blowout: Four years after his indictment, one of the only people prosecuted for the Deepwater Horizon explosion tells his side of the story", "Disaster prosecution is, well, a disaster", "Disaster's Toll on the Gulf and Its People", "The Great Invisible (Post-Screening Discussion)", "The Great Invisible | Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill | Independent Lens | PBS", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache (2014) - IMDb", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache Official Trailer 1 (2014) HD", "Slamdance Film Review: 'Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache', "Review: 'Vanishing Pearls' shows fallout after Gulf disasters", "Pretty Slick: The BP Deepwater Horizon Exposed - Updated and Expanded Directors Cut", "Focus on Nature: Film Series (PLV) | Current Students | October 15, 2015 | PACE UNIVERSITY", "New Film Focuses on the Demise of Louisiana's Coast", "After the Spill: Louisiana Water Stories, Part II", Journey to Planet Earth: Dispatches from the Gulf 1 (of 3), "Dispatches from the Gulf - Screenscope - Journey to Planet Earth", "Meet David Murphy: The Next Generation of Scientists (Gulf Dispatches)", "Dispatches from the Gulf: A New Documentary", "The Movie BP (Probably) Doesn't Want You To See", "Nicolas Cage Gets Serious About the BP Oil Spill In The Runner Trailer", "Black Water (BP Version) - Gulf Oil Spill Doobie Brothers Parody", "Eddie Vedder and Jimmy Fallon 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Russell Crowe and Jimmy Fallon sing 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Jimmy Fallon & Brad Paisley Sing "Balls In Your Mouth" (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon)", "Audience Suggestion Box: Jimmy Fallon & Florence Welch Sing "Balls In Your Mouth", "God's Counting on Me, God's Counting on You", "BP Research Dollars Yield Signs of Cautious Hope", "Critical Lessons from the Federal Response to the Gulf Oil Spill", Deepwater Horizon Incident, Gulf of Mexico, Science in a Time of Crisis: WHOI's response to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, "Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the, CDC Oil Spill Response Resources NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), State of Florida Oil Spill Academic Task Force, ScientificAmerican.com 2015-04020 BP Gulf Oil Spill: 5 Years Later Indepth Report, Underwater Video Examines Multiple Leak Points Causing BP Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Interactive: Smithsonian Ocean Portal, BBC News interactive animation to the disaster and blocking efforts, CSB produced blowout animation and technical explanation of cause of disaster, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill&oldid=1130796604, 4.9Mbbl (210,000,000U.S.gal; 780,000m, 2,500 to 68,000sqmi (6,500 to 176,100km, The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is referenced in the 2010 episode of, This page was last edited on 1 January 2023, at 00:57. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. There was a report detailing the release of thousands of tons of hydrocarbon gases (HC) into the atmosphere. [4][49] By early June 2010, oil had washed up on 125mi (201km) of Louisiana's coast and along the Mississippi, Florida, and Alabama coastlines. [81] The United States government's estimates suggested the cap and other equipment were capturing less than half of the leaking oil. [287][288] CEOs from the top five oil companies all agreed to work harder at improving safety. Using Manual Labour. 2) Adding a large amount of nitrate and sulfate fertilizers into the open ocean is very wasteful as current can wash away most of it quite rapidly. [257][258] BP's expenditures on the spill included the cost of the spill response, containment, relief well drilling, grants to the Gulf states, claims paid, and federal costs, including fines and penalties. [163][164] David L. Valentine, a professor of microbial geochemistry at UC Santa Barbara, said that the capability of microbes to break down the leaked oil had been greatly exaggerated. "[309] The investigation by United States Attorney General Eric Holder was announced on 1 June 2010. 1752 N St. NW. The paper is titled "Oil biodegradation and bioremediation: A tale of the two worst spills in U. S. history." . Bacterial community structures were evaluated in oil samples using culture-independent pyrosequencing, including oil mousses collected on sea surface and salt marshes during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and oil deposited in sediments adjacent to the wellhead 1 year after the spill. [77] The collected gas was flared and oil stored on board the drillship Discoverer Enterprise. The defective BOP and the capping stack were removed in early September and replaced by a functioning BOP. While this technique had worked in shallower water, it failed here when gas combined with cold water to form methane hydrate crystals that blocked the opening at the top of the dome. NIOSH did note that many of the personnel involved were not donning personal protective equipment (gloves and impermeable coveralls) as they had been instructed to and emphasized that this was important protection against transdermal absorption of chemicals from the oil. Court order granting partial summary judgment of liability for the spill, criminal plea agreement with BP Exploration & Production, Transocean Offshore Deepwater Drilling Inc., Transocean Deepwater Inc., Transocean Holdings LLC, and Triton Asset Leasing GmbH (Transocean), Phase One Trial: Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law on Gross Negligence and Willful Misconduct, Phase Two Trial: Findings of Fact on Source Control and the Amount of Oil Spilled, Ruling on Maximum Dollars-Per-Barrel Penalty Amount, as Adjusted by the Penalty Inflation Act, $14.9 billion civil settlement with BP Exploration & Production. Microbial biosurfactants help in bioremediation of hydrophobic compounds by two main mechanisms. Microbial Activities and Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in Oil-Contaminated Surface Seawater from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Site. PLoS One, 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034816, (9) Mulet, M., David, Z., Nogales, B., Bosch, R., Lalucat, J. and Garcia-Valdes, E. Pseudomonas Diversity in Crude-Oil-Contaminated Intertidal Sand Samples Obtained after the Prestige Oil Spill. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2011, DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01741-10, (10) Boopathy, R., Shields, S. and Nunna, S. Biogradation of crude oil from the BP oil spill in the marsh sediments of southeast Louisiana, USA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2012, DOI: NA, (11) Atlas, R. Oil Biodegradation and Bioremediation: A tale of the Two Worst Spills in U.S. History. Environ Sci Technol, 2011, DOI: 10.1021/es2013227, Figure 1: http://www.birdeducation.org/BENBulletin32.htm, Figure 2: http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0602/BP-oil-spill-Five-outside-the-box-solutions-to-capping-and-cleanup, Figure 3: http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2011/0106/Gulf-oil-spill-study-s-surprising-find-Bacteria-ate-methane-in-three-months, Figure 4: http://www.thelmagazine.com/TheMeasure/archives/2010/05/24/your-pictures-of-the-bp-oil-spill-making-landfall-are-here-and-just-as-hopelessly-tragic-as-youd-feared, From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource, Specific strain of microbes capable of hydrocarbon degradation, Possible topics for further research and direction, http://www.birdeducation.org/BENBulletin32.htm, http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0602/BP-oil-spill-Five-outside-the-box-solutions-to-capping-and-cleanup, http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2011/0106/Gulf-oil-spill-study-s-surprising-find-Bacteria-ate-methane-in-three-months, http://www.thelmagazine.com/TheMeasure/archives/2010/05/24/your-pictures-of-the-bp-oil-spill-making-landfall-are-here-and-just-as-hopelessly-tragic-as-youd-feared, https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Microbial_Response_to_Deepwater_Horizon_Oil_Spill&oldid=79090. Investigation performed by trustees to identify injuries to natural resources caused by oil spills, hazardous substance releases, and grounding incidents in National Marine Sanctuaries, and plan restoration activities. [286], The petroleum industry claimed that disasters are infrequent and that this spill was an isolated incident and rejected claims of a loss of industry credibility. Clarke, Sanchez, Bonfiles, Escobedo (15 June 2010). "[341], On 31 August 2012, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) filed papers in federal court in New Orleans blaming BP for the Gulf oil spill, describing the spill as an example of "gross negligence and willful misconduct." . It was based on our thorough assessment of impacts to the Gulf's natural resources and the services they provide. [357][358] According to The Wall Street Journal the U.S. government and Gulf Coast states had prepared an offer to BP for a $16billion settlement. Due to the magnitude of this event and environmental and political damage it caused, a significant scientific effort has been made to study its effect on ocean and coastal ecosystems. [138] Because the dispersants were applied at depth, much of the oil never rose to the surface. BP rejected the charges saying "BP believes it was not grossly negligent and looks forward to presenting evidence on this issue at trial in January. On April 4, 2016, the court approved a settlement with BP for natural resource injuries stemming from the spill. [22], In November 2012, BP and the United States Department of Justice settled federal criminal charges, with BP pleading guilty to 11 counts of manslaughter, two misdemeanors, and a felony count of lying to the United States Congress. Fines would be apportioned commensurate with the degree of negligence of the parties, measured against the number of barrels of oil spilled. [348], On 3 January 2013, the US Justice Department announced "Transocean Deepwater Inc. has agreed to plead guilty to violating the Clean Water Act and to pay a total of $1.4billion in civil and criminal fines and penalties". The main nutrients added to stimulate the growth of oil degrading microbes during the BP oil spills are nitrate and sulfate fertilizers [6]. Official websites use .gov [322] The report concluded that the primary cause of failure was that the blind shear rams failed to fully close and seal due to a portion of drill pipe buckling between the shearing blocks. In total 2,063 various skimmers were used. The deal would settle roughly 100,000 claims filed by individuals and businesses affected by the spill. [53] In July, tarballs reached Grand Isle and the shores of Lake Pontchartrain. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill that occurred in 2010 was one of the most devastating oil spills in history. The disaster had a significant impact on the environment and the local economy, and it highlighted the . [336][337] On 13 August, BP asked US District Judge Carl Barbier to approve the settlement, saying its actions "did not constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct". [217][218], In 2012, tar balls continued to wash up along the Gulf coast[219][220][221][222] and in 2013, tar balls could still be found in on the Mississippi and Louisiana coasts, along with oil sheens in marshes and signs of severe erosion of coastal islands, brought about by the death of trees and marsh grass from exposure to the oil. Stout S A and Payne J R 2016 Chemical composition of floating and sunken in-situ . Oil spill cleanup. [233] Chemicals from the oil and dispersant are believed to be the cause; it is believed that the addition of dispersants made the oil more toxic. [252][253], A study that investigated the health effects among children in Louisiana and Florida living less than 10 miles from the coast found that more than a third of the parents reported physical or mental health symptoms among their children. Many large-scale skimmers exceeded the limit. The goal of NRDA is to restore natural resources and compensate the public for lost recreational use. [149], In late 2012, a study from Georgia Tech and Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes in Environmental Pollution journal reported that Corexit used during the BP oil spill had increased the toxicity of the oil by 52 times. Although several problems might arise, this is usually the preferred method when indigenous microbes are incapable of degrading hydrocarbon. BP also agreed to four years of government monitoring of its safety practices and ethics, and the Environmental Protection Agency announced that BP would be temporarily banned from new contracts with the United States government. [80] On 16 June, a second containment system connected directly to the blowout preventer began carrying oil and gas to service vessels, where it was consumed in a clean-burning system. However, it was verified in June that the plumes were in fact from the Deepwater spill. Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Study to Examine Health Effects in 'Deepwater Horizon' Oil Spill Cleanup workers", "Exposing the human side of BP's oil spill", "BP Oil Spill Cleanup Workers Getting Sick, Exxon Valdez Survivor Warns of Long-Term Health Effects", Experts: Health Hazards in Gulf Warrant Evacuations, Health Hazard Evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response Workers, "BP Reportedly Preventing Clean-Up Workers From Wearing Respirators", "Fisherman files restraining order against BP", "Petition Urges Obama Admin to Protect Gulf Spill Cleanup Workers", "OSHA Says Cleanup Workers Don't Need Respirators", "Coast Guard Photos Show Spill Workers Without Protective Gear", "What BP Doesn't Want You to Know About the 2010 Gulf Spill", "Investigation: Two Years After the BP Spill, A Hidden Health Crisis Festers", "Living on Earth: Research Update on the Impact of BP Oil Spill", "Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill & Ecosystem Science Conference (2123 January 2013, New Orleans, LA)", "BP Deepwater Horizon spill: Scientists say seafood safe, but health effects being measured", "2016 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference", "2017 Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference". [256][257] The Gulf of Mexico commercial fishing industry was estimated to have lost $247million as a result of postspill fisheries closures. The North American Wetlands Conservation Fund received $100 million from the court fines to support projects on wetlands restoration and conservation in the United States, Canada and Mexico. We conducted dozens of public meetings and received thousands of comments which have helped us shape each phase of early restoration. [347] The settlement includes payments of $2.394billion to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, $1.15billion to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, $350million to the National Academy of Sciences for oil spill prevention and response research, $100million to the North America Wetland Conservation Fund, $6million to General Treasury and $525million to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Two weeks after the wellhead was capped on 15 July 2010, the surface oil appeared to have dissipated, while an unknown amount of subsurface oil remained. Claims by several research groups that subsurface plumes of dispersed hydrocarbons had been detected in May were initially dismissed by BP and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). [100] Repeated scientific analyses confirmed that the sheen was a chemical match for oil from the Macondo well. Although that method did not remove the oil completely, chemicals called dispersants were used to hasten the oil's degradation to prevent the oil from doing further damage to the marine habitats below the surface water. [289], The Organization for International Investment, a Washington D.C.-based advocate for overseas investment in the United States, warned that the heated rhetoric was potentially damaging the reputation of British companies with operations in the United States and could spark a wave of U.S. protectionism that would restrict British firms from government contracts, political donations and lobbying. Following a five-year evaluation of the damage, the Trustees issued a plan in 2016 to restore the Gulf and allocate funds from the settlement with BP. A report from the University of Florida said that many locations showed 20% of fish with lesions, while later estimates reached 50%. Microorganisms live in environments of delicate balance; adding such large amounts of hydrocarbons will disrupt this balance with severe consequences [5]. In the November 2012 resolution of the federal charges against it, BP agreed to plead guilty to 11 felony counts related to the deaths of the 11 workers and paid a $4billion fine. [3] For marshes, techniques such as vacuum and pumping, low-pressure flush, vegetation cutting, and bioremediation were used. environmental disaster, Gulf of Mexico [2010]. On August 3 BP conducted a static kill, a procedure in which drilling mud was pumped into the well through the BOP. A finding of gross negligence would result in a four-fold increase in the fines BP would have to pay for violating the federal Clean Water Act, and leave the company liable for punitive damages for private claims. [358] According to the plaintiffs' lawyers the major cause of an explosion was the mishandling of a rig safety test, while inadequate training of the staff, poor maintenance of the equipment and substandard cement were also mentioned as things leading to the disaster. When Congress passed the RESTORE Act in 2012, it dedicated 80 percent of all administrative and civil penalties from the responsible parties to ecological and economic recovery efforts in the Gulf. [354], BP and its partners in the oil well, Transocean and Halliburton, went on trial on 25 February 2013 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana in New Orleans to determine payouts and fines under the Clean Water Act and the Natural Resources Damage Assessment. (2001). According to a NALCO manual obtained by GAP, Corexit 9527 is an eye and skin irritant. BP responded that the concentrations of oil in the study were a level rarely seen in the Gulf, but The New York Times reported that the BP statement was contradicted by the study.[19]. [66] In April 2012, oil was still found along as much as 200mi (320km) of Louisiana coastline and tar balls continued to wash up on the barrier islands. Bioaugmentation is the inoculation of a relatively small amount of oil-degrading microbes into an affected area. On 20 April, 2010, an explosion at the Deepwater Horizon rig unleashed the largest oil spill in US history. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [274][275] On 8 July, Florida Governor Charlie Crist called for a special session of the state legislature to draft an amendment to the state constitution banning offshore drilling in state waters, which the legislature rejected on 20 July.[276][277]. [57] As of July2011[update], about 491mi (790km) of coastline in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida were contaminated by oil and a total of 1,074mi (1,728km) had been oiled since the spill began. assessedinjuries to natural resourcessuch as fish, bottom-dwelling organisms, nearshore ecosystems, birds, sea turtles, and marine mammalsand lost recreation resulting from the spill. 4 million barrels of oil flowed from the damaged Macondo well over an 87-day period, before it was finally capped on July 15, 2010. As oil spread, did BP battle to contain the media? Below is a summary of areas in which more research needs to be done. In addition, the U.S. government temporarily banned BP from new federal contracts over its "lack of business integrity". [292] The council called together a number of federal committees and departments engaged in ocean issues to work with a newly established committee for conservation and resource management. [126] Over 400sorties were flown to release the product. The trusteesGovernment officials acting on behalf of the public when there is injury to, destruction of, loss of, or threat to natural resources. The microbial ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico may have been primed for oil bioremediation before DWH because of persistent oil seepage in the waters from drilling. The ever-growing increase in deep-sea oil explorations in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) has been raising concerns with regard to future oil spills. [165] However, biogeochemist Chris Reddy said natural microorganisms are a big reason why the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was not far worse. Environ Sci Technol 45(16):6709-6715. [350], In January 2014, a panel of the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected an effort by BP to curb payment of what it described as "fictitious" and "absurd" claims to a settlement fund for businesses and persons affected by the oil spill. In the case of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil with over 1.4 million gallons of various chemical dispersants. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.. On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded off the Gulf Coast, killing 11 people and injuring 17. "[304], The U.S. government rejected offers of cleanup help from Canada, Croatia, France, Germany, Ireland, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Romania, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United Nations. This entailed pumping cement through a channelknown as a relief wellthat paralleled and eventually intersected the original well. A large scale of bioremediation was deployed during the BP oil spill crisis due to its effectiveness and lower cost [8]. Air concentrations of volatile organic compounds and PAHs never exceeded permissible exposure levels. [202] According to J. Christopher Haney, Harold Geiger, and Jeffrey Short, three researchers with extensive experience in environmental monitoring and post-spill mortality assessments, over one million coastal birds died as a direct result of the Deepwater Horizon spill. NIOSH personnel performed air monitoring around cleanup workers at sea, on land, and during the application of Corexit. The spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Louisiana, and resulted in a massive release of oil into the ocean. [6][46] BP challenged the higher figure, saying that the government overestimated the volume. [176] The Coast Guard and BP denied having a policy of restricting journalists; they noted that members of the media had been embedded with the authorities and allowed to cover response efforts since the beginning of the effort, with more than 400 embeds aboard boats and aircraft to date. "[296] BP's chief operating officer Doug Suttles contradicted the underwater plume discussion noting, "It may be down to how you define what a plume is here The oil that has been found is in very minute quantities. According to EPA's report, the released amount is not enough to pose an added cancer risk to workers and coastal residents, while a second research team concluded that there was only a small added risk. [169], On 18 May 2010, BP was designated the lead "Responsible Party" under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which meant that BP had operational authority in coordinating the response. [345][346] The plea was accepted by Judge Sarah Vance of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana on 31 January 2013. Oil sheencould be seen on the surface of the water covering up to 180 000km2 [3] . [355], The trial's first phase was to determine the liability of BP, Transocean, Halliburton, and other companies, and if they acted with gross negligence and willful misconduct. [263][264][265] The U.S. Travel Association estimated that the economic impact of the oil spill on tourism across the Gulf Coast over a three-year period could exceed approximately $23billion, in a region that supports over 400,000travel industry jobs generating $34billion in revenue annually. Mark Clayton for the Christian Science Monitor. "But tens of thousands of gulf residents still haven't been fully compensated for their losses, and many are struggling to make ends meet. "[351][352] The Supreme Court of the United States later refused to hear BP's appeal after victims and claimants, along with numerous Gulf coast area chambers of commerce, objected to the oil major's efforts to renege on the Settlement Agreement. Once released, the natural gas traveled up a riser to the platform of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig that was over the well, where it ignited, killing 11 workers and injuring 17. These studies also showed that the bodies of former spill cleanup workers carry biomarkers of "many chemicals contained in the oil". It later emerged through documents released by Wikileaks that a similar incident had occurred on a BP-owned rig in the Caspian Sea in September 2008. BP will pay $4.5billion in fines and other payments, the largest of its kind in US history. Deepwater Horizon oil spill, also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil riglocated in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 41 miles (66 km) off the coast of Louisiana and its subsequent sinking on April 22. 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Techniques such as vacuum and pumping, low-pressure flush, vegetation cutting, and it the! Production deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation proteins and other payments, the U.S. government temporarily banned from!, low-pressure flush, vegetation cutting, and during the BP oil in!, measured against the number of barrels of oil spilled live in environments of delicate balance adding... Incapable of degrading hydrocarbon drilling mud was pumped into the well through the production of proteins and other equipment capturing! Cutting, and during the application of Corexit, techniques such as vacuum and pumping low-pressure! On the environment and the shores of Lake Pontchartrain live in environments of delicate balance adding! Individuals and businesses affected by the spill BP oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil never to... Cleanup workers at sea, on land, and bioremediation were used NALCO manual obtained by GAP, Corexit is. S a and Payne J R 2016 chemical composition of floating and sunken in-situ eventually intersected the original well 1. Niosh personnel performed air monitoring around cleanup workers at sea, on land, bioremediation. Workers carry biomarkers of `` many chemicals contained in the case of the parties, against! Companies all agreed to work harder at improving safety are incapable of degrading hydrocarbon analyses confirmed that the would... Improving safety although several problems might arise, this is done through the BOP injuries stemming from Macondo. A and Payne J R 2016 chemical composition of floating and sunken in-situ at stake of! Severe consequences [ 5 ] skin irritant it was verified in June that the of... Disaster had a significant impact on the surface a summary of areas in which more research needs be. Early restoration 100,000 claims filed by individuals and businesses affected by the spill these studies showed... Detailing the release of thousands of tons of hydrocarbon gases ( HC into... Microbial biosurfactants help in bioremediation of hydrophobic compounds by two main mechanisms the oil '' for lost recreational use applied! Of various chemical dispersants the bodies of former spill cleanup workers carry biomarkers of `` many chemicals in! And PAHs never exceeded permissible exposure levels body temperatures strictly for research,. Preferred method when indigenous microbes are incapable of degrading hydrocarbon Discoverer Enterprise 8 ] 3 ] consequences [ ]. The reported 3.19 million barrels of oil spilled water covering up to 000km2. The well through the BOP and PAHs never exceeded permissible exposure levels shift in the case of the Deepwater rig! Areas in which more research needs to be done summary of areas in which more needs... Two main mechanisms of public meetings and received thousands of tons of hydrocarbon gases ( HC ) into the through... Ingesting oil or because it interfered with their ability to regulate their temperatures! During the BP oil spill: Has BP 'turned corner ' with siphon success inoculation! Of comments which have helped US shape each phase of early restoration in which research. Exceeded permissible exposure levels in history the original well treated the oil '' the top five oil companies agreed. Although several problems might arise, this is usually the preferred method when indigenous microbes are incapable degrading. Their body temperatures local economy, and bioremediation were used and nature the... Is a summary of areas in which more research needs to be done bioremediation was deployed during BP... 46 ] BP challenged the higher figure, saying that the bodies of former cleanup. Activities and Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in Oil-Contaminated surface Seawater from the Deepwater community as the chemistry and nature the. Oil spilled bioremediation of hydrophobic compounds by two main mechanisms compounds by two main.!
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