Retrieved fromhttps://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=3d4e5dd5-9374-48e9-b3f4-4e6e96da27f5. Consider the effects if one of these species was to become extinct. The consequences of this were quickly apparent with loss of biodiversity within ecosystems including the endangerment of species, unchecked invasion of introduced species, such as gamba grass, and increases in the number of large-scale destructive bushfires. undefined. Students can use the fire management practice information from their local area to inform a recommendation for the most appropriate fire management strategy and justify their rationale. The Wathaurong people of the Kulin Nation in south central Victoria are reported to have prepared the ground for fertilization by aerating the soil prior to fire stick farming, allowing the ash to permeate the soil, promoting the ideal conditions for the growth of highly nutritious food sources such as yams5. They have been developed as a proof of concept to progress the inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander content in Australian classrooms. 8(3), 3-8. The development of these resources was funded through an Australian Government initiative delivered by the University of Melbourne's Indigenous Studies Unit. undefined. (2017). Students should discuss the following inquiry-based questions in small groups: 2. The use of low intensity fire also clearscountry to preventbuild upof fuel load that may facilitate a destructive higher intensity fire and can provide a protective clearing for environments, such as rainforest, that is fire-sensitive6. (2012). Students will research the land management practices of different landscapes and make a recommendation for the most appropriate land management practice suitable for their local region, justifying their decision. (2013). undefined. Across the continent, various fire abatement schemes exist to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect property. undefined. Students can investigate the species present in their local ecosystem using the Explore your area tool through the Atlas of Living Australia10 or through field studies. Students can list the dominant organisms present in their local ecosystem and construct an interdependency diagram to demonstrate the interrelationships between these organisms. 4 R.BliegeBird, D. W. Bird, B. F. Codding, C. H. Parker, & J. H. Jones. Fire Ecology. undefined. in an area. Fire Ecology, 8(3), 12. Introduction to Fire-Stick Farming. In drawing on the material, users should consider the relevance and suitability to their particular circumstances and purposes. 1. This classroom activity provides students with the opportunity to develop science understanding of the interdependencies of ecosystems, abiotic factors and matter and energy flow through the context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander use of fire to managecountry. 2 Petty, A. Changes to these factors affect the interrelationships within the ecosystem. Indigenous rangers in south east Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory are applying Aboriginal ecological knowledge to managecountry as part of the South East Arnhem Land Fire Abatement Project (SEALFA)8. 3 Jones, R. (2012). Teachers should be aware that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderpeoplesknowledges of fire management practices are intrinsically linked to the local environment. 9 Torres Strait Regional Authority. of organisms. Have you encountered themyourthelocal ecosystem? Within an ecosystem there are interdependent relationships between the species of that environment. (2018). Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander use of fire as a land management tool is well documented. Fire-Stick Farming. Where relevant, the page has been provided for relevant information. The table below provides information of available fire management guidelines organised by state, territory or region. Land cultivation. The application of this knowledge allows people across the continent to facilitate growth and distribution of plant species, and promote the growth of suitable environments for fauna. Retrieved from https://www.nlc.org.au/media-publications/south-east-arnhem-land-fire-abatement-sealfa-project. Bushfires in Australia. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. (2016). Why? However, fire does not need to be a detrimental factor to an ecosystem. Students should investigate the fire management practices that are advised for their specific ecosystem to inform a recommendation for their local area. The fire stick farming hypothesis: Australian Aboriginal foraging strategies, biodiversity, and anthropogenic fire mosaics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(39), 1479614801. Land and sea management strategy for Torres Strait 2016-2036. This is commonly referred to as fire-stick farming, and refers to the sensitive and systematic application of fire by Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander people to manage the environment3. Burning to manage greenhouse gas emissions. Students will construct an interdependency diagram to model the interactions of plants, animal and other biotic factors in their local ecosystem. (2009). Fire is an example of an abiotic (non-living) factor that affects the flow of matter within an ecosystem, and the inter-relationships of the organisms within that ecosystem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.012, 7 CSIRO. Students can then construct a second inter-dependency model to demonstrate the impact they hypothesise this management strategy would have on the ecosystem. undefined. Which interrelationship between two species most surprised you? Students can compare and contrast the different landscape types with their own ecosystem to identify a landscape that is most comparable to their local ecosystem. Retrieved fromhttp://www.djillong.net.au/traditions/land-cultivation.html, 6 McCaw,W.l. Where this is not possible, the table below provides a range of available information for more detailed fire management strategies. It is considered by many as a distinct agricultural practice. South east Arnhem Land fire abatement (SEALFA) project. The resources include the views, opinions and representations of third parties, and do not represent the views of the Australian Government. The guidelines can be used to find more specific fire management information to landscapes across Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge systems are orally transmitted and knowledgeable people have a deep understanding of the environment of theircountry and know that certain native species have, over very long periods, adapted to fire regimes. Land and Sea Management Unit, Torres Strait Regional Authority. Within an ecosystem there are interdependent relationships between the species of that environment which are recognised and understood in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ecological knowledge and practices. Traditional land management practices were disrupted following the arrival of Europeans in Australia, who failed to understand the significance of such practices. For example, herbivorous animals are dependent on plant life for food, many animals are dependent on plants for protective cover or nesting, and both plant and animal life are dependent on abiotic factors such as water, nutrients, light and . 3. Which species in your interdependency diagram were you already familiar with? The low intensity application of fire, often called cool burning, returns nutrients to the soil through ash, promotes germination of fire dependent species and encourages the growth of suitable habitats for the animals in that ecosystem4. The careful and methodical facilitation of fire treatment of those environments acts to maintainecosystems, promote the growth of fire dependent species and encourage environmental biodiversity. Uncontrolled bushfires expose ecosystems to prolonged high intensity burns, destroying organisms and habitats, often irretrievably1. An ecosystem is two or more populations of organisms (usually many more) in their environment. 10https://www.ala.org.au/explore-by-location, 11 Gill (1996):https://www.anbg.gov.au/fire_ecology/fire-and-biodiversity.html#INF. 1868-71 Peck and Snyder Trade Cards #3 Chicago White Sox 1870. undefined. The rangers who operate this project are reducing carbon emissions by preventing bushfires, conserving rainforest vegetation and protecting local wildlife. Local Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Land Council organisations could be contacted to identify the current fire management practices recommended for the local area. (2008). Fire is an abiotic factor that affects such interrelationships, and how fire is applied to an ecosystem affects the nature of those relationships. 1868-71 Peck and Snyder Trade Cards #4 Mutuals/1870. In the Torres Strait Islands, the Land and Sea Management Strategy has developed unique fire management plans for 7 of the Islands based on traditional knowledges, as fire management requirements vary significantly for each ecosystem9. Students can then evaluate the impact the fire management recommendation will have on the ecosystem through a second inter-dependency model, predicting the changes to the ecosystem with the implementation of the fire management recommendation. Guidelines for ecologically sustainable fire management (NSW Biodiversity Strategy), Fire management guidelines excel spreadsheet (Queensland Government), Ecological Fire Management Guidelines (Government of South Australia), Gulf Savannah Fire Management Guidelines (Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation), Guiding principles for fire management in the Western Australian rangelands (Rangelands NRM), 1 CSIRO. A population is all the organisms of the same or closely-related species. For example, herbivorous animals are dependent on plant life for food, many animals are dependent on plants for protective cover or nesting, and both plant and animal life are dependent on abiotic factors such as water, nutrients, light and suitable temperatures. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander School Curricula, https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=3d4e5dd5-9374-48e9-b3f4-4e6e96da27f5, http://www.djillong.net.au/traditions/land-cultivation.html, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.012, https://www.csiro.au/en/Research/LWF/Areas/Ecosystems-biodiversity/Managing-landscapes-for-biodiversity/Fire-ecology/Burning-emissions, https://www.nlc.org.au/media-publications/south-east-arnhem-land-fire-abatement-sealfa-project, https://www.ala.org.au/explore-by-location, https://www.anbg.gov.au/fire_ecology/fire-and-biodiversity.html#INF, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, University launches new Indigenous Knowledge Institute, Acknowledging Country in the digital realm, University appoints inaugural Director of Indigenous Knowledge Institute, Bruce Pascoe appointed Enterprise Professor in Indigenous Agriculture, New Indigenous Knowledge Institute Fellows welcomed to Melbourne as the University showcases Indigenous Knowledges from around the world, Professor Brian Djangirrawuy Gumbula-Garawirrtja. The application of fire can be used to manage paths for travel, clear area around residential sites for strategic purposes and control the availability of resources through selective application of fire to each distinct ecosystem2. For tens of thousands of years, knowledgeable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have recognised the effect of fire on interdependent communities of organisms. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804757105, 5 Djillong. These schemes have generated a positive effect on the biodiversity outcomes within implementation areas. Forest Ecology and Management, 294, 217224. Traditional land management practices are now understood to significantly decrease greenhouse gas emissions compared to an uncontrolled bushfire7. Within an ecosystem there are interdependent relationships between the species of that environment. 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